Meredith Schreier
http://www.linkedin.com/in/mschreier
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User-Centered Delivery of AI-Powered Health Care Technologies in Clinical Settings: Mixed Methods Case Study
Randall Brandt
Hien Brown
Christine Silva
JMIR Human Factors (2025)
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Background:
Providers spend a large percentage of their day using electronic health record (EHR) technology and frequently report frustration when EHR tasks are time-consuming and effortful. To solve these challenges, artificial intelligence (AI)–based enhancements to EHR technology are increasingly being deployed. However, AI-based implementations for EHR features often lack user-centered evaluation.
Objective:
This study evaluates, using a user-centered approach, the implementation of an AI-powered search and clinical discovery tool within an EHR system.
Methods:
We conducted a mixed methods study consisting of interviews, observations, and surveys for 5 months.
Results:
High adoption rates for the AI-based features (163/176, 93% users after 3 months) and significant increases across key metrics, including user satisfaction (U=49; P<.001) and perception of time saved (U=49; P<.001), demonstrated that the AI-based features were not only successfully integrated into various clinical workflows but also improved the user experience for clinicians.
Conclusions:
Our results underscore the feasibility and effectiveness of using a user-centered approach for the deployment of clinical AI tools. High adoption rates and positive user experiences were driven by our user-centered research program, which emphasized close collaboration with users, rapid incorporation of feedback, and tailored user training. This study program can be used as a starting framework for the design and integration of human-centered research methods for AI tool deployment in clinical settings.
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User-centred design for machine learning in health care: a case study from care management
Birju Patel
Daniel Lopez-martinez
Doris Wong
Eric Loreaux
Janjri Desai
Jonathan Chen
Lance Downing
Lutz Thomas Finger
Martin Gamunu Seneviratne
Ming-Jun Chen
Nigam Shah
Ron Li
BMJ Health & Care Informatics (2022)
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Objectives: Few machine learning (ML) models are successfully deployed in clinical practice. One of the common pitfalls across the field is inappropriate problem formulation: designing ML to fit the data rather than to address a real-world clinical pain point.
Methods: We introduce a practical toolkit for user-centred design consisting of four questions covering: (1) solvable pain points, (2) the unique value of ML (eg, automation and augmentation), (3) the actionability pathway and (4) the model’s reward function. This toolkit was implemented in a series of six participatory design workshops with care managers in an academic medical centre.
Results: Pain points amenable to ML solutions included outpatient risk stratification and risk factor identification. The endpoint definitions, triggering frequency and evaluation metrics of the proposed risk scoring model were directly influenced by care manager workflows and real-world constraints.
Conclusions: Integrating user-centred design early in the ML life cycle is key for configuring models in a clinically actionable way. This toolkit can guide problem selection and influence choices about the technical setup of the ML problem.
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